Abstract
This page presents the complete cosmological scenario of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM).
The universe is shown to originate from a Phase-Kernel containing pure Negative Apparent Mass (NAM).
Cosmic expansion, gravitation, dark matter, dark energy, and the ultimate fate of the universe emerge from the progressive conversion of NAM into manifested matter mass and kinetic energy.
1. Origin The Phase Kernel
The universe begins as a zero-dimensional Phase Kernel containing pure NAM:
Mappkernel = −ΔPEecm,max
No space, no time, no motion exists until NAM begins to decay into manifested mass.
2. Birth of Space and Time
NAM decay produces manifested mass and kinetic energy:
Mapp → ΔMM → KEecm
This creates separation, motion, and therefore time. Space and time are emergent.
3. Formation of Matter and Gravity
Part of the NAM condenses into matter; part remains as gravitational binding:
Mapp ↔ ΔMM ↔ Mappgrav
This produces galaxies, stars, and large-scale structure.
4. Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Unmanifested NAM produces additional gravitational pull (dark matter).
Dissolving gravitational NAM produces free kinetic mass, accelerating expansion (dark energy).
5. Cosmic Evolution
As the universe expands, gravitational NAM slowly converts into kinetic energy:
−ΔPEecm → KEecm,univ
This causes accelerating expansion and time acceleration.
6. Fate of the Universe
Eventually almost all NAM converts into free mass and kinetic energy.
Gravitational structure dissolves. The universe reaches maximum separation rmax.
7. Return to the Latent State — Vacuum Dissolution Mechanism
In ECM, the end of cosmic expansion is not true annihilation. A physical mechanism must exist by which all manifested mass, motion, and geometry dissolve back into a non-eventful energetic state. This requirement is satisfied by modern string-theoretic vacuum decay.
Ashoke Sen demonstrated that unstable D-branes carry tachyon fields whose condensation removes all open-string excitations. When tachyon condensation is complete, the brane’s energy is exactly canceled and the system collapses into the closed-string vacuum — a state with no particles, no clocks, and no geometry.
ECM interprets this tachyon vacuum as the physical realization of the latent Phase Kernel: a zero-event, zero-structure energetic ground state into which all manifested mass returns.
MM → KEecm → −ΔPEecm → Mappkernel
Here, material mass dissolves into kinetic energy, which is then reabsorbed as Negative Apparent Mass, restoring the Phase Kernel. No radiation escapes; no information is lost — all physical content is re-indexed into latent potential.
Sen’s open-closed string duality further implies that information carried by matter is absorbed into the vacuum itself. ECM identifies this as latent memory stored within the Phase Kernel, allowing future universes to emerge from structured potential rather than randomness.
Thus, the ECM universe does not end in heat death. It undergoes vacuum dissolution — a clean, residue-free return to the latent energetic state from which the next cosmic cycle can begin.
Conclusion
The ECM universe begins as pure potential, evolves through mass manifestation, and ends as a dilute kinetic state.
No singularities, no vacuum energy, and no spacetime curvature are required - only the conservation and conversion of Negative Apparent Mass.
References
Sen, A. (1998). Tachyon Condensation on the Brane–Antibrane System. Journal of High Energy Physics.
Sen, A. (1999). Universality of the Tachyon Potential. Journal of High Energy Physics.
Sen, A. & Zwiebach, B. (2000). Tachyon Condensation in String Field Theory. Journal of High Energy Physics.
Penrose, R. (2014). On the Gravitization of Quantum Mechanics 2: Conformal Cyclic Cosmology. Foundations of Physics.
Penrose, R. (2006). The Big Bang and its Dark-Matter Content: Whence, Whither, and Wherefore. Foundations of Physics.
Origin and Fundamental Energy in Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM)
A 0-Dimensional f₀ → Δf → Phase → Planck-Scale Δt in Extended Classical Mechanics
From Uneventful Energy to Manifested Universes
Foundational Distinction — ECM Mass-Energy Framework and Scale-Dependent Matter Dynamics
Clock Time vs Cosmic Time Distortions, Effective-Mass Transitions, κ-Proportionality, and Phase-Shift Foundations
A Unified Framework Linking Entropy, Time Distortion, Gravitational Dynamics, and Cyclic Cosmology
ECM Bridge between Sen’s Conjecture and Penrose’s Conformal Cyclic Cosmology: A Review Report
