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Frequency as More Fundamental than Mass in Extended Classical Mechanics

Soumendra Nath Thakur | ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803 | postmasterenator@gmail.com

September 28, 2025

Since Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) considers the primordial energetic state of the universe—where a transformation from potential to kinetic energy preceded the very formation of mass—it holds that frequency-induced energy is more fundamental than mass. Accordingly, ECM’s energy–mass equation does not rely on relativistic mass–energy principles but is derived independently from frequency-based relations.

Fundamentally:

Matter Mass (M_M) is not a fixed property but a manifestation of frequency (f).
Starting from the Planck relation:

E = hf

ECM applies the modified kinetic energy expression with effective mass (M^eff) at photon velocity (v = c):

KE = ½ M^eff c²

Equating this to photon energy gives:

M^eff = hf / c²

By incorporating de Broglie’s mass–frequency relation, ECM refines this into a unified frequency-based kinetic energy relation:

KE_ECM = (½ ΔM_M^dB + ΔM_M^P) c² = hf,
where f = f^dB + f^P denotes the total effective frequency.

ECM further extends this to dynamic mass, where potential energy is intrinsic to its frequency manifestation.

At the cosmological level, ECM traces this back to a primordial frequency-equivalent potential energy, from which mass itself emerged through transformation of kinetic energy.

Thus, in ECM, frequency is primary, and mass is secondary—a manifestation of energy cycles—providing a unified framework that connects photon energy, effective mass, and potential energy, all independent of relativistic postulates.

Alphabetical List of Mathematical Terms (ECM Context)

Term	Description
c	Speed of light; photon velocity used in ECM kinetic energy expressions.
E	Energy; in ECM, often represents photon energy derived from frequency (Planck relation).
f	Frequency; fundamental quantity in ECM, from which mass is considered a manifestation.
f^P	Planck frequency component; the portion of the total effective frequency in ECM that contributes to dynamic mass.
f^dB	de Broglie frequency component; contributes to particle kinetic energy in ECM.
KE	Kinetic energy; in ECM, expressed using effective mass at photon velocity: KE = ½ M^eff c².
KE_ECM	ECM-specific kinetic energy; combines de Broglie and potential mass contributions: KE_ECM = (½ ΔM_M^dB + ΔM_M^P) c² = hf.
hf	Planck energy relation; energy associated with a frequency f via Planck constant h.
h	Planck constant; fundamental constant linking frequency and energy.
M_M	Matter mass; in ECM, not fixed, but a manifestation of frequency.
M^eff	Effective mass; the dynamic mass of a particle when used in ECM kinetic energy expressions.
ΔM_M^dB	Mass contribution associated with de Broglie frequency.
ΔM_M^P	Mass contribution associated with the Planck frequency component.
v	Particle velocity; in ECM derivation of photon-related kinetic energy, v = c.